The independence of India came paired with the trauma of Partition, leading to the creation of two nations: India and Pakistan. This division was based on the "Two-Nation Theory" advanced by the Muslim League, led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, which asserted that Hindus and Muslims belonged to two distinct nations. The Process of Partition
To handle similar demands nationwide, the central government appointed the SRC in 1953.
Muslim-majority zones formed Pakistan's territory. challenges of nation building class 12 notes hot
Maharaja Bodhachandra Singh signed the Instrument of Accession on the condition of internal autonomy. Under public pressure, Manipur held India's first election based on universal adult franchise in June 1948.
This Herculean task fell upon , the country's first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister, who used a mix of diplomacy, persuasion, and firmness to unify the nation. The independence of India came paired with the
Bifurcation of Punjab and Bengal caused massive trauma and displacement.
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ TIMELINE OF LATER STATE CREATIONS │ ├──────┬─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤ │ 1960 │ Bombay split into Maharashtra (Marathi) and Gujarat (Gujarati). │ ├──────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤ │ 1966 │ Punjab split into Punjab (Punjabi) and Haryana (Hindi). │ ├──────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤ │ 1972 │ Mega-reorganization of Northeast: Meghalaya, Manipur, Tripura. │ ├──────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤ │ 1987 │ Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh granted statehood. │ ├──────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤ │ 2000 │ Chhattisgarh (from MP), Uttarakhand (from UP), Jharkhand (Bihar)│ ├──────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤ │ 2014 │ Telangana carved out of Andhra Pradesh. │ └──────┴─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ Muslim-majority zones formed Pakistan's territory
Leaders identified three primary goals that seemed almost impossible at the time: Shaping a United Nation:
The Maharaja signed the to seek Indian military aid. This sparked the first Indo-Pak war and left the territory divided by the Line of Control (LoC). Manipur
The partition destroyed decades of communal harmony. It forced neighbors to turn on each other, caused massive psychological trauma, and created long-lasting geopolitical rivalry between India and Pakistan. Share public link
Ans: Junagadh, Hyderabad, Kashmir, and Manipur.